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sqlglot.dialects.presto

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import typing as t
  4
  5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
  7    Dialect,
  8    NormalizationStrategy,
  9    binary_from_function,
 10    bool_xor_sql,
 11    date_trunc_to_time,
 12    datestrtodate_sql,
 13    encode_decode_sql,
 14    build_formatted_time,
 15    if_sql,
 16    left_to_substring_sql,
 17    no_ilike_sql,
 18    no_pivot_sql,
 19    no_safe_divide_sql,
 20    no_timestamp_sql,
 21    regexp_extract_sql,
 22    rename_func,
 23    right_to_substring_sql,
 24    struct_extract_sql,
 25    str_position_sql,
 26    timestamptrunc_sql,
 27    timestrtotime_sql,
 28    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
 29    unit_to_str,
 30)
 31from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
 32from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
 33from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
 34from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 35
 36
 37def _explode_to_unnest_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
 38    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Explode):
 39        return self.sql(
 40            exp.Join(
 41                this=exp.Unnest(
 42                    expressions=[expression.this.this],
 43                    alias=expression.args.get("alias"),
 44                    offset=isinstance(expression.this, exp.Posexplode),
 45                ),
 46                kind="cross",
 47            )
 48        )
 49    return self.lateral_sql(expression)
 50
 51
 52def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
 53    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
 54    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
 55
 56
 57def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
 58    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
 59        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
 60    else:
 61        comparator = None
 62    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
 63
 64
 65def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
 66    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Property):
 67        columns = ", ".join(f"'{c.name}'" for c in expression.expressions)
 68        return f"ARRAY[{columns}]"
 69
 70    if expression.parent:
 71        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
 72            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
 73            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
 74                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
 75
 76    return self.schema_sql(expression)
 77
 78
 79def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
 80    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
 81    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
 82
 83
 84def _str_to_time_sql(
 85    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
 86) -> str:
 87    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
 88
 89
 90def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
 91    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
 92    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
 93        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), "DATE"))
 94    return self.sql(exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, "TIMESTAMP"), "DATE"))
 95
 96
 97def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
 98    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
 99    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
100    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
101
102
103def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
104    this = exp.cast(expression.this, "TIMESTAMP")
105    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, "TIMESTAMP")
106    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
107    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
108
109
110def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
111    if len(args) == 4:
112        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
113            this=seq_get(args, 0),
114            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
115            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
116            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
117        )
118    if len(args) == 3:
119        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
120            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
121        )
122    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
123
124
125def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
126    if len(args) == 3:
127        return exp.UnixToTime(
128            this=seq_get(args, 0),
129            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
130            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
131        )
132    if len(args) == 2:
133        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
134
135    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
136
137
138def _unnest_sequence(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
139    if isinstance(expression, exp.Table):
140        if isinstance(expression.this, exp.GenerateSeries):
141            unnest = exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.this])
142
143            if expression.alias:
144                return exp.alias_(unnest, alias="_u", table=[expression.alias], copy=False)
145            return unnest
146    return expression
147
148
149def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
150    """
151    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
152    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
153    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
154
155    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
156    """
157    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
158        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
159
160    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
161
162
163def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
164    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
165    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
166    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
167        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
168
169    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
170
171
172def _to_int(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
173    if not expression.type:
174        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
175
176        annotate_types(expression)
177    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
178        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
179    return expression
180
181
182def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
183    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
184    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
185        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
186        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
187
188    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
189    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
190    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
191
192
193class Presto(Dialect):
194    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
195    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
196    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
197    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
198    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
199    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
200    TYPED_DIVISION = True
201    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
202    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
203
204    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
205    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
206    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
207    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
208
209    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
210        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
211            (prefix + q, q)
212            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
213            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
214        ]
215
216        KEYWORDS = {
217            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
218            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
219            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
220            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
221            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
222            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
223        }
224
225        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
226
227    class Parser(parser.Parser):
228        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
229
230        FUNCTIONS = {
231            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
232            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
233            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
234            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
235            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
236            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
237            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
238            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
239            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
240            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
241            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
242                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
243            ),
244            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
245                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
246            ),
247            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
248            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
249            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
250            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
251                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
252            ),
253            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
254            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
255            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
256                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
257            ),
258            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
259            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
260                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
261            ),
262            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
263                this=seq_get(args, 0),
264                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
265                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
266            ),
267            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
268            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
269            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
270            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
271            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
272                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
273            ),
274            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
275            "TO_HEX": exp.Hex.from_arg_list,
276            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
277            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
278                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
279            ),
280        }
281
282        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
283        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
284
285    class Generator(generator.Generator):
286        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
287        JOIN_HINTS = False
288        TABLE_HINTS = False
289        QUERY_HINTS = False
290        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
291        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
292        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
293        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
294        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
295        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
296        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
297        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
298        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
299
300        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
301            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
302            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
303            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
304        }
305
306        TYPE_MAPPING = {
307            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
308            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
309            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
310            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
311            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
312            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
313            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
314            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
315            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
316            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
317        }
318
319        TRANSFORMS = {
320            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
321            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
322            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
323                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
324            ),
325            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
326            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
327            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
328            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
329            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
330            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
331            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
332            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
333            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
334            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
335            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
336            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
337            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
338                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
339            ),
340            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
341            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
342            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
343                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
344            ),
345            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
346            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
347            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
348            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
349                "DATE_ADD",
350                unit_to_str(e),
351                _to_int(e.expression),
352                e.this,
353            ),
354            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
355                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
356            ),
357            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
358            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
359            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
360            exp.DateSub: lambda self, e: self.func(
361                "DATE_ADD",
362                unit_to_str(e),
363                _to_int(e.expression * -1),
364                e.this,
365            ),
366            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
367            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
368            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
369            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
370            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
371            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
372            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
373            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
374            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
375            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
376            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
377                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
378            ),
379            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
380            exp.If: if_sql(),
381            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
382            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
383            exp.ParseJSON: rename_func("JSON_PARSE"),
384            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
385            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
386            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
387            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
388            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
389            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
390            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
391            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
392            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
393            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
394            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
395            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
396            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
397            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
398            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
399            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
400                [
401                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
402                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
403                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
404                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
405                ]
406            ),
407            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
408            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
409            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
410            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
411            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
412            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
413            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
414            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
415            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
416            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
417            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
418            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
419                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
420            ),
421            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
422            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
423            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
424            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
425            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
426            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
427            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
428            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
429            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
430            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
431            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
432            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
433            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
434            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
435            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
436            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
437            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
438            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
439                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
440            ),
441            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
442        }
443
444        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
445            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
446            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
447            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
448            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
449            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
450            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, "text")
451            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
452            parse_with_tz = self.func(
453                "PARSE_DATETIME",
454                value_as_text,
455                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
456            )
457            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
458            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
459
460        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
461            if expression.args.get("safe"):
462                return self.func(
463                    "ELEMENT_AT",
464                    expression.this,
465                    seq_get(
466                        apply_index_offset(
467                            expression.this,
468                            expression.expressions,
469                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
470                        ),
471                        0,
472                    ),
473                )
474            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
475
476        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
477            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
478
479            expression = annotate_types(expression)
480            values: t.List[str] = []
481            schema: t.List[str] = []
482            unknown_type = False
483
484            for e in expression.expressions:
485                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
486                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
487                        unknown_type = True
488                    else:
489                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
490                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
491                else:
492                    values.append(self.sql(e))
493
494            size = len(expression.expressions)
495
496            if not size or len(schema) != size:
497                if unknown_type:
498                    self.unsupported(
499                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
500                    )
501                return self.func("ROW", *values)
502            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
503
504        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
505            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
506                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
507            return super().interval_sql(expression)
508
509        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
510            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
511            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
512            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
513
514        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
515            start = expression.args["start"]
516            end = expression.args["end"]
517            step = expression.args.get("step")
518
519            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
520                target_type = start.to
521            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
522                target_type = end.to
523            else:
524                target_type = None
525
526            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
527                if target_type is start.to:
528                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
529                else:
530                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
531
532            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
533
534        def offset_limit_modifiers(
535            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
536        ) -> t.List[str]:
537            return [
538                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
539                self.sql(limit),
540            ]
541
542        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
543            """
544            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
545            so we need to remove them
546            """
547            kind = expression.args["kind"]
548            schema = expression.this
549            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
550                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
551            return super().create_sql(expression)
class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
194class Presto(Dialect):
195    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
196    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
197    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
198    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
199    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
200    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
201    TYPED_DIVISION = True
202    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
203    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
204
205    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
206    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
207    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
208    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
209
210    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
211        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
212            (prefix + q, q)
213            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
214            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
215        ]
216
217        KEYWORDS = {
218            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
219            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
220            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
221            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
222            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
223            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
224        }
225
226        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
227
228    class Parser(parser.Parser):
229        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
230
231        FUNCTIONS = {
232            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
233            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
234            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
235            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
236            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
237            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
238            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
239            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
240            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
241            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
242            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
243                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
244            ),
245            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
246                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
247            ),
248            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
249            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
250            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
251            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
252                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
253            ),
254            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
255            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
256            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
257                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
258            ),
259            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
260            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
261                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
262            ),
263            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
264                this=seq_get(args, 0),
265                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
266                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
267            ),
268            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
269            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
270            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
271            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
272            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
273                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
274            ),
275            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
276            "TO_HEX": exp.Hex.from_arg_list,
277            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
278            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
279                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
280            ),
281        }
282
283        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
284        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
285
286    class Generator(generator.Generator):
287        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
288        JOIN_HINTS = False
289        TABLE_HINTS = False
290        QUERY_HINTS = False
291        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
292        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
293        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
294        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
295        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
296        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
297        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
298        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
299        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
300
301        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
302            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
303            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
304            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
305        }
306
307        TYPE_MAPPING = {
308            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
309            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
310            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
311            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
312            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
313            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
314            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
315            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
316            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
317            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
318        }
319
320        TRANSFORMS = {
321            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
322            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
323            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
324                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
325            ),
326            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
327            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
328            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
329            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
330            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
331            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
332            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
333            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
334            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
335            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
336            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
337            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
338            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
339                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
340            ),
341            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
342            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
343            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
344                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
345            ),
346            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
347            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
348            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
349            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
350                "DATE_ADD",
351                unit_to_str(e),
352                _to_int(e.expression),
353                e.this,
354            ),
355            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
356                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
357            ),
358            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
359            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
360            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
361            exp.DateSub: lambda self, e: self.func(
362                "DATE_ADD",
363                unit_to_str(e),
364                _to_int(e.expression * -1),
365                e.this,
366            ),
367            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
368            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
369            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
370            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
371            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
372            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
373            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
374            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
375            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
376            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
377            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
378                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
379            ),
380            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
381            exp.If: if_sql(),
382            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
383            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
384            exp.ParseJSON: rename_func("JSON_PARSE"),
385            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
386            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
387            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
388            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
389            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
390            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
391            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
392            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
393            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
394            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
395            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
396            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
397            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
398            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
399            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
400            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
401                [
402                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
403                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
404                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
405                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
406                ]
407            ),
408            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
409            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
410            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
411            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
412            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
413            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
414            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
415            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
416            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
417            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
418            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
419            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
420                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
421            ),
422            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
423            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
424            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
425            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
426            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
427            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
428            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
429            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
430            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
431            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
432            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
433            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
434            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
435            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
436            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
437            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
438            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
439            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
440                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
441            ),
442            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
443        }
444
445        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
446            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
447            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
448            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
449            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
450            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
451            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, "text")
452            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
453            parse_with_tz = self.func(
454                "PARSE_DATETIME",
455                value_as_text,
456                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
457            )
458            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
459            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
460
461        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
462            if expression.args.get("safe"):
463                return self.func(
464                    "ELEMENT_AT",
465                    expression.this,
466                    seq_get(
467                        apply_index_offset(
468                            expression.this,
469                            expression.expressions,
470                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
471                        ),
472                        0,
473                    ),
474                )
475            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
476
477        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
478            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
479
480            expression = annotate_types(expression)
481            values: t.List[str] = []
482            schema: t.List[str] = []
483            unknown_type = False
484
485            for e in expression.expressions:
486                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
487                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
488                        unknown_type = True
489                    else:
490                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
491                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
492                else:
493                    values.append(self.sql(e))
494
495            size = len(expression.expressions)
496
497            if not size or len(schema) != size:
498                if unknown_type:
499                    self.unsupported(
500                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
501                    )
502                return self.func("ROW", *values)
503            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
504
505        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
506            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
507                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
508            return super().interval_sql(expression)
509
510        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
511            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
512            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
513            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
514
515        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
516            start = expression.args["start"]
517            end = expression.args["end"]
518            step = expression.args.get("step")
519
520            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
521                target_type = start.to
522            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
523                target_type = end.to
524            else:
525                target_type = None
526
527            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
528                if target_type is start.to:
529                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
530                else:
531                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
532
533            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
534
535        def offset_limit_modifiers(
536            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
537        ) -> t.List[str]:
538            return [
539                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
540                self.sql(limit),
541            ]
542
543        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
544            """
545            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
546            so we need to remove them
547            """
548            kind = expression.args["kind"]
549            schema = expression.this
550            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
551                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
552            return super().create_sql(expression)
INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%a'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether CONCAT's arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%a': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}}}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
210    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
211        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
212            (prefix + q, q)
213            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
214            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
215        ]
216
217        KEYWORDS = {
218            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
219            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
220            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
221            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
222            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
223            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
224        }
225
226        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>}
class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
228    class Parser(parser.Parser):
229        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
230
231        FUNCTIONS = {
232            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
233            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
234            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
235            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
236            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
237            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
238            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
239            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
240            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
241            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
242            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
243                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
244            ),
245            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
246                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
247            ),
248            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
249            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
250            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
251            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
252                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
253            ),
254            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
255            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
256            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
257                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
258            ),
259            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
260            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
261                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
262            ),
263            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
264                this=seq_get(args, 0),
265                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
266                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
267            ),
268            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
269            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
270            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
271            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
272            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
273                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
274            ),
275            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
276            "TO_HEX": exp.Hex.from_arg_list,
277            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
278            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
279                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
280            ),
281        }
282
283        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
284        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': 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Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': 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method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method 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'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method 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'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 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Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
ID_VAR_TOKENS
INTERVAL_VARS
ALIAS_TOKENS
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
TIMESTAMPS
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
JOIN_HINTS
LAMBDAS
COLUMN_OPERATORS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
STATEMENT_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
STRING_PARSERS
NUMERIC_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
RANGE_PARSERS
PROPERTY_PARSERS
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
ALTER_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
SHOW_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
CONFLICT_ACTIONS
CREATE_SEQUENCE
ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
USABLES
CAST_ACTIONS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
NULL_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
SELECT_START_TOKENS
STRICT_CAST
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
STRING_ALIASES
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
UNION_MODIFIERS
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
INTERVAL_SPANS
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
errors
sql
class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
286    class Generator(generator.Generator):
287        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
288        JOIN_HINTS = False
289        TABLE_HINTS = False
290        QUERY_HINTS = False
291        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
292        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
293        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
294        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
295        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
296        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
297        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
298        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
299        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
300
301        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
302            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
303            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
304            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
305        }
306
307        TYPE_MAPPING = {
308            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
309            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
310            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
311            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
312            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
313            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
314            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
315            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
316            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
317            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
318        }
319
320        TRANSFORMS = {
321            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
322            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
323            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
324                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
325            ),
326            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
327            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
328            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
329            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
330            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
331            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
332            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
333            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
334            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
335            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
336            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
337            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
338            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
339                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
340            ),
341            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
342            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
343            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
344                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
345            ),
346            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
347            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
348            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
349            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
350                "DATE_ADD",
351                unit_to_str(e),
352                _to_int(e.expression),
353                e.this,
354            ),
355            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
356                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
357            ),
358            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
359            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
360            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
361            exp.DateSub: lambda self, e: self.func(
362                "DATE_ADD",
363                unit_to_str(e),
364                _to_int(e.expression * -1),
365                e.this,
366            ),
367            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
368            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
369            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
370            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
371            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
372            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
373            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
374            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
375            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
376            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
377            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
378                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
379            ),
380            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
381            exp.If: if_sql(),
382            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
383            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
384            exp.ParseJSON: rename_func("JSON_PARSE"),
385            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
386            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
387            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
388            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
389            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
390            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
391            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
392            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
393            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
394            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
395            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
396            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
397            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
398            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
399            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
400            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
401                [
402                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
403                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
404                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
405                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
406                ]
407            ),
408            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
409            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
410            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
411            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
412            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
413            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
414            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
415            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
416            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
417            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
418            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
419            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
420                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
421            ),
422            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
423            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
424            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
425            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
426            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
427            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
428            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
429            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
430            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
431            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
432            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
433            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
434            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
435            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
436            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
437            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
438            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
439            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
440                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
441            ),
442            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
443        }
444
445        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
446            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
447            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
448            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
449            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
450            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
451            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, "text")
452            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
453            parse_with_tz = self.func(
454                "PARSE_DATETIME",
455                value_as_text,
456                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
457            )
458            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
459            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
460
461        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
462            if expression.args.get("safe"):
463                return self.func(
464                    "ELEMENT_AT",
465                    expression.this,
466                    seq_get(
467                        apply_index_offset(
468                            expression.this,
469                            expression.expressions,
470                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
471                        ),
472                        0,
473                    ),
474                )
475            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
476
477        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
478            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
479
480            expression = annotate_types(expression)
481            values: t.List[str] = []
482            schema: t.List[str] = []
483            unknown_type = False
484
485            for e in expression.expressions:
486                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
487                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
488                        unknown_type = True
489                    else:
490                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
491                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
492                else:
493                    values.append(self.sql(e))
494
495            size = len(expression.expressions)
496
497            if not size or len(schema) != size:
498                if unknown_type:
499                    self.unsupported(
500                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
501                    )
502                return self.func("ROW", *values)
503            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
504
505        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
506            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
507                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
508            return super().interval_sql(expression)
509
510        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
511            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
512            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
513            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
514
515        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
516            start = expression.args["start"]
517            end = expression.args["end"]
518            step = expression.args.get("step")
519
520            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
521                target_type = start.to
522            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
523                target_type = end.to
524            else:
525                target_type = None
526
527            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
528                if target_type is start.to:
529                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
530                else:
531                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
532
533            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
534
535        def offset_limit_modifiers(
536            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
537        ) -> t.List[str]:
538            return [
539                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
540                self.sql(limit),
541            ]
542
543        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
544            """
545            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
546            so we need to remove them
547            """
548            kind = expression.args["kind"]
549            schema = expression.this
550            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
551                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
552            return super().create_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
  • indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function _explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function no_safe_divide_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>}
def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str:
445        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
446            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
447            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
448            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
449            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
450            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
451            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, "text")
452            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
453            parse_with_tz = self.func(
454                "PARSE_DATETIME",
455                value_as_text,
456                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
457            )
458            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
459            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str:
461        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
462            if expression.args.get("safe"):
463                return self.func(
464                    "ELEMENT_AT",
465                    expression.this,
466                    seq_get(
467                        apply_index_offset(
468                            expression.this,
469                            expression.expressions,
470                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
471                        ),
472                        0,
473                    ),
474                )
475            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str:
477        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
478            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
479
480            expression = annotate_types(expression)
481            values: t.List[str] = []
482            schema: t.List[str] = []
483            unknown_type = False
484
485            for e in expression.expressions:
486                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
487                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
488                        unknown_type = True
489                    else:
490                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
491                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
492                else:
493                    values.append(self.sql(e))
494
495            size = len(expression.expressions)
496
497            if not size or len(schema) != size:
498                if unknown_type:
499                    self.unsupported(
500                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
501                    )
502                return self.func("ROW", *values)
503            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str:
505        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
506            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
507                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
508            return super().interval_sql(expression)
def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str:
510        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
511            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
512            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
513            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
def generateseries_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries) -> str:
515        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
516            start = expression.args["start"]
517            end = expression.args["end"]
518            step = expression.args.get("step")
519
520            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
521                target_type = start.to
522            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
523                target_type = end.to
524            else:
525                target_type = None
526
527            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
528                if target_type is start.to:
529                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
530                else:
531                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
532
533            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]:
535        def offset_limit_modifiers(
536            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
537        ) -> t.List[str]:
538            return [
539                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
540                self.sql(limit),
541            ]
def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str:
543        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
544            """
545            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
546            so we need to remove them
547            """
548            kind = expression.args["kind"]
549            schema = expression.this
550            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
551                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
552            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: CREATE VIEW x (cola) then (cola) is the expression), so we need to remove them

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
EXPLICIT_UNION
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
LIMIT_FETCH
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
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COLLATE_IS_FUNC
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
ENSURE_BOOLS
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
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JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
INSERT_OVERWRITE
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
STAR_MAPPING
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
PARAMETER_TOKEN
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
RESERVED_KEYWORDS
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
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