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sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

   1from __future__ import annotations
   2
   3import typing as t
   4
   5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
   6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
   7    Dialect,
   8    NormalizationStrategy,
   9    binary_from_function,
  10    build_default_decimal_type,
  11    build_timestamp_from_parts,
  12    date_delta_sql,
  13    date_trunc_to_time,
  14    datestrtodate_sql,
  15    build_formatted_time,
  16    if_sql,
  17    inline_array_sql,
  18    max_or_greatest,
  19    min_or_least,
  20    rename_func,
  21    timestamptrunc_sql,
  22    timestrtotime_sql,
  23    var_map_sql,
  24    map_date_part,
  25)
  26from sqlglot.helper import flatten, is_float, is_int, seq_get
  27from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
  28
  29if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
  30    from sqlglot._typing import E
  31
  32
  33# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
  34def _build_datetime(
  35    name: str, kind: exp.DataType.Type, safe: bool = False
  36) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.Func]:
  37    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
  38        value = seq_get(args, 0)
  39        int_value = value is not None and is_int(value.name)
  40
  41        if isinstance(value, exp.Literal):
  42            # Converts calls like `TO_TIME('01:02:03')` into casts
  43            if len(args) == 1 and value.is_string and not int_value:
  44                return exp.cast(value, kind)
  45
  46            # Handles `TO_TIMESTAMP(str, fmt)` and `TO_TIMESTAMP(num, scale)` as special
  47            # cases so we can transpile them, since they're relatively common
  48            if kind == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP:
  49                if int_value:
  50                    return exp.UnixToTime(this=value, scale=seq_get(args, 1))
  51                if not is_float(value.this):
  52                    return build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
  53
  54        if kind == exp.DataType.Type.DATE and not int_value:
  55            formatted_exp = build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "snowflake")(args)
  56            formatted_exp.set("safe", safe)
  57            return formatted_exp
  58
  59        return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
  60
  61    return _builder
  62
  63
  64def _build_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
  65    expression = parser.build_var_map(args)
  66
  67    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
  68        return expression
  69
  70    return exp.Struct(
  71        expressions=[
  72            exp.PropertyEQ(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
  73        ]
  74    )
  75
  76
  77def _build_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
  78    return exp.DateDiff(
  79        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
  80    )
  81
  82
  83def _build_date_time_add(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
  84    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
  85        return expr_type(
  86            this=seq_get(args, 2),
  87            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
  88            unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
  89        )
  90
  91    return _builder
  92
  93
  94# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
  95def _build_if_from_div0(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
  96    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
  97    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
  98    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
  99    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
 100
 101
 102# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
 103def _build_if_from_zeroifnull(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
 104    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
 105    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
 106
 107
 108# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
 109def _build_if_from_nullifzero(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
 110    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
 111    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
 112
 113
 114def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
 115    flag = expression.text("flag")
 116
 117    if "i" not in flag:
 118        flag += "i"
 119
 120    return self.func(
 121        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
 122    )
 123
 124
 125def _build_convert_timezone(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.Anonymous, exp.AtTimeZone]:
 126    if len(args) == 3:
 127        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONVERT_TIMEZONE", expressions=args)
 128    return exp.AtTimeZone(this=seq_get(args, 1), zone=seq_get(args, 0))
 129
 130
 131def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
 132    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
 133
 134    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
 135        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
 136
 137    return regexp_replace
 138
 139
 140def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
 141    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
 142        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
 143
 144    return _parse
 145
 146
 147def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
 148    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
 149    trunc.set("unit", map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
 150    return trunc
 151
 152
 153def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 154    """
 155    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
 156    so we need to unqualify them.
 157
 158    Example:
 159        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
 160        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
 161        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
 162        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
 163    """
 164    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
 165        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
 166
 167    return expression
 168
 169
 170def _flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 171    assert isinstance(expression, exp.Create)
 172
 173    def _flatten_structured_type(expression: exp.DataType) -> exp.DataType:
 174        if expression.this in exp.DataType.NESTED_TYPES:
 175            expression.set("expressions", None)
 176        return expression
 177
 178    props = expression.args.get("properties")
 179    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Schema) and not (props and props.find(exp.IcebergProperty)):
 180        for schema_expression in expression.this.expressions:
 181            if isinstance(schema_expression, exp.ColumnDef):
 182                column_type = schema_expression.kind
 183                if isinstance(column_type, exp.DataType):
 184                    column_type.transform(_flatten_structured_type, copy=False)
 185
 186    return expression
 187
 188
 189class Snowflake(Dialect):
 190    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
 191    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
 192    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
 193    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
 194    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
 195    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
 196    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
 197    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
 198    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
 199
 200    TIME_MAPPING = {
 201        "YYYY": "%Y",
 202        "yyyy": "%Y",
 203        "YY": "%y",
 204        "yy": "%y",
 205        "MMMM": "%B",
 206        "mmmm": "%B",
 207        "MON": "%b",
 208        "mon": "%b",
 209        "MM": "%m",
 210        "mm": "%m",
 211        "DD": "%d",
 212        "dd": "%-d",
 213        "DY": "%a",
 214        "dy": "%w",
 215        "HH24": "%H",
 216        "hh24": "%H",
 217        "HH12": "%I",
 218        "hh12": "%I",
 219        "MI": "%M",
 220        "mi": "%M",
 221        "SS": "%S",
 222        "ss": "%S",
 223        "FF": "%f",
 224        "ff": "%f",
 225        "FF6": "%f",
 226        "ff6": "%f",
 227    }
 228
 229    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
 230        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
 231        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
 232        if (
 233            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
 234            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
 235            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
 236        ):
 237            return expression  # type: ignore
 238
 239        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
 240
 241    class Parser(parser.Parser):
 242        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
 243        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
 244        COLON_IS_JSON_EXTRACT = True
 245
 246        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
 247            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
 248            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 249        }
 250
 251        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
 252        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
 253
 254        FUNCTIONS = {
 255            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
 256            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
 257            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
 258            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
 259            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
 260                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
 261            ),
 262            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
 263                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
 264                start=seq_get(args, 0),
 265                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
 266                step=seq_get(args, 2),
 267            ),
 268            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
 269            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
 270            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
 271            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
 272            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 273            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
 274            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 275            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 276            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
 277            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
 278            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
 279                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
 280            ),
 281            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
 282            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
 283                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
 284            ),
 285            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
 286            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
 287            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
 288            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
 289                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
 290            ),
 291            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
 292            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
 293            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
 294            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
 295            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
 296            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
 297            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
 298            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 299            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 300            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
 301            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 302            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 303            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
 304            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
 305            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 306            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
 307                this=seq_get(args, 0),
 308                format=seq_get(args, 1),
 309                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
 310                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
 311            ),
 312            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
 313            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 314            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
 315            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 316            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
 317            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
 318            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
 319        }
 320
 321        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
 322            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
 323            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
 324            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
 325        }
 326        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
 327
 328        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
 329
 330        RANGE_PARSERS = {
 331            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
 332            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
 333            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
 334        }
 335
 336        ALTER_PARSERS = {
 337            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
 338            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
 339                exp.Set,
 340                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
 341                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
 342                unset=True,
 343            ),
 344            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
 345        }
 346
 347        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
 348            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
 349            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
 350        }
 351
 352        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
 353            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
 354            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
 355        }
 356
 357        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
 358            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
 359            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
 360        }
 361
 362        SHOW_PARSERS = {
 363            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 364            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 365            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 366            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 367            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 368            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 369            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 370            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 371            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 372            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 373            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 374            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 375            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 376            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 377            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 378            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 379            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
 380            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 381            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 382        }
 383
 384        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
 385            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
 386            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 387            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 388            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 389            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 390        }
 391
 392        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 393            TokenType.DOT,
 394            TokenType.MOD,
 395            TokenType.SLASH,
 396        }
 397
 398        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
 399
 400        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
 401
 402        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
 403
 404        LAMBDAS = {
 405            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
 406            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
 407                exp.Lambda,
 408                this=self._replace_lambda(
 409                    self._parse_assignment(),
 410                    expressions,
 411                ),
 412                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
 413            ),
 414        }
 415
 416        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 417            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
 418                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
 419
 420            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
 421                policy = self._parse_column()
 422                return self.expression(
 423                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
 424                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
 425                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
 426                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
 427                )
 428            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
 429                policy = self._parse_column()
 430                return self.expression(
 431                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
 432                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
 433                )
 434            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
 435                return self.expression(
 436                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
 437                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
 438                )
 439
 440            return None
 441
 442        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
 443            expression = super()._parse_create()
 444            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
 445                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
 446                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
 447
 448            return expression
 449
 450        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
 451        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
 452        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 453            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
 454
 455            if not this:
 456                return None
 457
 458            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 459            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
 460            this = map_date_part(this)
 461            name = this.name.upper()
 462
 463            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
 464                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
 465                    scale = 10**3
 466                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
 467                    scale = 10**6
 468                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
 469                    scale = 10**9
 470                else:
 471                    scale = None
 472
 473                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
 474                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
 475
 476                if scale:
 477                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
 478
 479                return to_unix
 480
 481            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
 482
 483        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 484            if is_map:
 485                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
 486                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
 487                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
 488                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
 489
 490            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
 491
 492        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
 493            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
 494            if not lateral:
 495                return lateral
 496
 497            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
 498                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
 499                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
 500                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
 501                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
 502                elif not table_alias:
 503                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
 504
 505            return lateral
 506
 507        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
 508            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
 509            index = self._index
 510            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
 511                this = self._prev.text.upper()
 512                kind = (
 513                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
 514                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
 515                    and self._prev.text.upper()
 516                )
 517                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
 518
 519                if expression:
 520                    self._match_r_paren()
 521                    when = self.expression(
 522                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
 523                    )
 524                    table.set("when", when)
 525                else:
 526                    self._retreat(index)
 527
 528            return table
 529
 530        def _parse_table_parts(
 531            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
 532        ) -> exp.Table:
 533            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
 534            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
 535                table = self._parse_string()
 536            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
 537                table = self._parse_location_path()
 538            else:
 539                table = None
 540
 541            if table:
 542                file_format = None
 543                pattern = None
 544
 545                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
 546                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
 547                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
 548                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
 549                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
 550                        )
 551                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
 552                        pattern = self._parse_string()
 553                    else:
 554                        break
 555
 556                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 557
 558                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
 559            else:
 560                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
 561
 562            return self._parse_at_before(table)
 563
 564        def _parse_id_var(
 565            self,
 566            any_token: bool = True,
 567            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
 568        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 569            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
 570                identifier = (
 571                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 572                    or self._parse_string()
 573                )
 574                self._match_r_paren()
 575                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
 576
 577            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 578
 579        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
 580            scope = None
 581            scope_kind = None
 582
 583            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
 584            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
 585            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
 586
 587            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
 588
 589            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
 590
 591            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
 592                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
 593                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
 594                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
 595                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
 596                    if self._curr:
 597                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 598                elif self._curr:
 599                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
 600                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 601
 602            return self.expression(
 603                exp.Show,
 604                **{
 605                    "terse": terse,
 606                    "this": this,
 607                    "history": history,
 608                    "like": like,
 609                    "scope": scope,
 610                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
 611                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
 612                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
 613                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
 614                },
 615            )
 616
 617        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
 618            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
 619            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
 620
 621        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
 622            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
 623            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
 624
 625        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 626            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
 627            return (
 628                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
 629                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
 630                else self._parse_table_parts()
 631            )
 632
 633        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
 634            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
 635
 636            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
 637            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
 638            # in case of subqueries
 639            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
 640                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
 641            ):
 642                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
 643
 644            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
 645
 646        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 647            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
 648
 649            if not this:
 650                return this
 651
 652            typ = self._parse_types()
 653
 654            if typ:
 655                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
 656
 657            return this
 658
 659    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 660        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
 661        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
 662        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
 663        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
 664
 665        KEYWORDS = {
 666            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 667            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
 668            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 669            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 670            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 671            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
 672            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
 673            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 674            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
 675            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 676            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 677            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
 678            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
 679            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
 680            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
 681            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
 682            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 683            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
 684            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
 685            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 686            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
 687            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
 688            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
 689        }
 690        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
 691
 692        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 693            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
 694            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
 695        }
 696
 697        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
 698
 699        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
 700
 701    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 702        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
 703        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
 704        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 705        JOIN_HINTS = False
 706        TABLE_HINTS = False
 707        QUERY_HINTS = False
 708        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
 709        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
 710        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
 711        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
 712        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
 713        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
 714        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
 715        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
 716        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 717        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
 718
 719        TRANSFORMS = {
 720            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 721            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
 722            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
 723            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
 724            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
 725            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
 726            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
 727            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 728                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
 729            ),
 730            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
 731            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
 732            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 733            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 734            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 735            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
 736            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
 737            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
 738            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
 739            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
 740            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 741                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
 742            ),
 743            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
 744                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
 745            ),
 746            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
 747            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
 748            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
 749            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
 750                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
 751            ),
 752            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
 753            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
 754            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
 755            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
 756            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 757            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
 758            exp.Min: min_or_least,
 759            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
 760                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
 761            ),
 762            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
 763            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
 764                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 765            ),
 766            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
 767                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 768            ),
 769            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
 770            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
 771            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
 772            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
 773                [
 774                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
 775                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
 776                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
 777                ]
 778            ),
 779            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
 780            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 781            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
 782            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
 783                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
 784            ),
 785            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
 786            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
 787            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
 788            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 789                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
 790            ),
 791            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
 792            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
 793            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
 794                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
 795            ),
 796            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
 797            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
 798            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
 799            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
 800            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
 801            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 802            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
 803                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
 804            ),
 805            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
 806            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 807            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
 808            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
 809        }
 810
 811        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
 812            exp.JSONPathKey,
 813            exp.JSONPathRoot,
 814            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
 815        }
 816
 817        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 818            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
 819            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
 820            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
 821        }
 822
 823        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 824            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
 825            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 826            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 827        }
 828
 829        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
 830            exp.Map,
 831            exp.StarMap,
 832            exp.Struct,
 833            exp.VarMap,
 834        }
 835
 836        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
 837            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
 838
 839        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
 840            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
 841                values_as_table = False
 842
 843            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
 844
 845        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
 846            expressions = expression.expressions
 847            if (
 848                expressions
 849                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
 850                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
 851            ):
 852                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
 853                return "OBJECT"
 854
 855            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
 856
 857        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
 858            return self.func(
 859                "TO_NUMBER",
 860                expression.this,
 861                expression.args.get("format"),
 862                expression.args.get("precision"),
 863                expression.args.get("scale"),
 864            )
 865
 866        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
 867            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
 868            if milli is not None:
 869                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
 870                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
 871
 872            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
 873
 874        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
 875            value = expression.this
 876
 877            if value.type is None:
 878                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
 879
 880                value = annotate_types(value)
 881
 882            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
 883                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
 884
 885            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
 886            return self.cast_sql(expression)
 887
 888        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
 889            if not expression.expression:
 890                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
 891
 892            return super().log_sql(expression)
 893
 894        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
 895            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 896            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
 897
 898            columns = [
 899                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
 900                exp.to_identifier("key"),
 901                exp.to_identifier("path"),
 902                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
 903                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
 904                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
 905                exp.to_identifier("this"),
 906            ]
 907
 908            if unnest_alias:
 909                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
 910            else:
 911                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
 912
 913            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
 914            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
 915            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
 916            return f"{explode}{alias}"
 917
 918        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
 919            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
 920            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
 921            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
 922            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
 923
 924            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
 925            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
 926
 927            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
 928            if scope_kind:
 929                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
 930
 931            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
 932            if starts_with:
 933                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
 934
 935            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
 936
 937            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
 938            if from_:
 939                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
 940
 941            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
 942
 943        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
 944            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
 945            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
 946            group = expression.args.get("group")
 947            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
 948            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
 949            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
 950
 951            return self.func(
 952                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
 953                expression.this,
 954                expression.expression,
 955                position,
 956                occurrence,
 957                parameters,
 958                group,
 959            )
 960
 961        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
 962            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
 963                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
 964            return super().except_op(expression)
 965
 966        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
 967            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
 968                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
 969            return super().intersect_op(expression)
 970
 971        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
 972            # Default to table if kind is unknown
 973            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
 974            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
 975            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
 976            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
 977            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
 978            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
 979
 980        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
 981            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
 982        ) -> str:
 983            start = expression.args.get("start")
 984            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
 985            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
 986            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
 987            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
 988
 989        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
 990            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
 991            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
 992
 993        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
 994            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
 995
 996        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
 997            keys = []
 998            values = []
 999
1000            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1001                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1002                    keys.append(
1003                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1004                    )
1005                    values.append(e.expression)
1006                else:
1007                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1008                    values.append(e)
1009
1010            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
1011
1012        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1013            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
1014                self.unsupported(
1015                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
1016                )
1017
1018            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
1019
1020        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
1021            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1022            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
1023            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
1024            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
1025            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
1026            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
1027            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
1028            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
1029
1030            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
 190class Snowflake(Dialect):
 191    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
 192    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
 193    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
 194    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
 195    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
 196    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
 197    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
 198    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
 199    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
 200
 201    TIME_MAPPING = {
 202        "YYYY": "%Y",
 203        "yyyy": "%Y",
 204        "YY": "%y",
 205        "yy": "%y",
 206        "MMMM": "%B",
 207        "mmmm": "%B",
 208        "MON": "%b",
 209        "mon": "%b",
 210        "MM": "%m",
 211        "mm": "%m",
 212        "DD": "%d",
 213        "dd": "%-d",
 214        "DY": "%a",
 215        "dy": "%w",
 216        "HH24": "%H",
 217        "hh24": "%H",
 218        "HH12": "%I",
 219        "hh12": "%I",
 220        "MI": "%M",
 221        "mi": "%M",
 222        "SS": "%S",
 223        "ss": "%S",
 224        "FF": "%f",
 225        "ff": "%f",
 226        "FF6": "%f",
 227        "ff6": "%f",
 228    }
 229
 230    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
 231        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
 232        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
 233        if (
 234            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
 235            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
 236            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
 237        ):
 238            return expression  # type: ignore
 239
 240        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
 241
 242    class Parser(parser.Parser):
 243        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
 244        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
 245        COLON_IS_JSON_EXTRACT = True
 246
 247        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
 248            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
 249            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 250        }
 251
 252        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
 253        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
 254
 255        FUNCTIONS = {
 256            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
 257            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
 258            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
 259            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
 260            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
 261                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
 262            ),
 263            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
 264                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
 265                start=seq_get(args, 0),
 266                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
 267                step=seq_get(args, 2),
 268            ),
 269            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
 270            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
 271            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
 272            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
 273            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 274            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
 275            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 276            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 277            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
 278            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
 279            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
 280                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
 281            ),
 282            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
 283            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
 284                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
 285            ),
 286            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
 287            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
 288            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
 289            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
 290                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
 291            ),
 292            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
 293            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
 294            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
 295            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
 296            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
 297            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
 298            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
 299            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 300            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 301            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
 302            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 303            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 304            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
 305            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
 306            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 307            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
 308                this=seq_get(args, 0),
 309                format=seq_get(args, 1),
 310                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
 311                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
 312            ),
 313            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
 314            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 315            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
 316            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 317            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
 318            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
 319            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
 320        }
 321
 322        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
 323            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
 324            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
 325            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
 326        }
 327        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
 328
 329        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
 330
 331        RANGE_PARSERS = {
 332            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
 333            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
 334            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
 335        }
 336
 337        ALTER_PARSERS = {
 338            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
 339            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
 340                exp.Set,
 341                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
 342                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
 343                unset=True,
 344            ),
 345            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
 346        }
 347
 348        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
 349            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
 350            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
 351        }
 352
 353        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
 354            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
 355            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
 356        }
 357
 358        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
 359            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
 360            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
 361        }
 362
 363        SHOW_PARSERS = {
 364            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 365            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 366            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 367            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 368            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 369            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 370            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 371            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 372            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 373            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 374            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 375            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 376            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 377            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 378            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 379            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 380            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
 381            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 382            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 383        }
 384
 385        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
 386            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
 387            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 388            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 389            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 390            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 391        }
 392
 393        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 394            TokenType.DOT,
 395            TokenType.MOD,
 396            TokenType.SLASH,
 397        }
 398
 399        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
 400
 401        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
 402
 403        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
 404
 405        LAMBDAS = {
 406            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
 407            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
 408                exp.Lambda,
 409                this=self._replace_lambda(
 410                    self._parse_assignment(),
 411                    expressions,
 412                ),
 413                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
 414            ),
 415        }
 416
 417        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 418            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
 419                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
 420
 421            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
 422                policy = self._parse_column()
 423                return self.expression(
 424                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
 425                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
 426                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
 427                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
 428                )
 429            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
 430                policy = self._parse_column()
 431                return self.expression(
 432                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
 433                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
 434                )
 435            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
 436                return self.expression(
 437                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
 438                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
 439                )
 440
 441            return None
 442
 443        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
 444            expression = super()._parse_create()
 445            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
 446                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
 447                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
 448
 449            return expression
 450
 451        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
 452        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
 453        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 454            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
 455
 456            if not this:
 457                return None
 458
 459            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 460            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
 461            this = map_date_part(this)
 462            name = this.name.upper()
 463
 464            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
 465                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
 466                    scale = 10**3
 467                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
 468                    scale = 10**6
 469                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
 470                    scale = 10**9
 471                else:
 472                    scale = None
 473
 474                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
 475                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
 476
 477                if scale:
 478                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
 479
 480                return to_unix
 481
 482            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
 483
 484        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 485            if is_map:
 486                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
 487                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
 488                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
 489                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
 490
 491            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
 492
 493        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
 494            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
 495            if not lateral:
 496                return lateral
 497
 498            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
 499                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
 500                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
 501                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
 502                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
 503                elif not table_alias:
 504                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
 505
 506            return lateral
 507
 508        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
 509            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
 510            index = self._index
 511            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
 512                this = self._prev.text.upper()
 513                kind = (
 514                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
 515                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
 516                    and self._prev.text.upper()
 517                )
 518                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
 519
 520                if expression:
 521                    self._match_r_paren()
 522                    when = self.expression(
 523                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
 524                    )
 525                    table.set("when", when)
 526                else:
 527                    self._retreat(index)
 528
 529            return table
 530
 531        def _parse_table_parts(
 532            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
 533        ) -> exp.Table:
 534            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
 535            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
 536                table = self._parse_string()
 537            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
 538                table = self._parse_location_path()
 539            else:
 540                table = None
 541
 542            if table:
 543                file_format = None
 544                pattern = None
 545
 546                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
 547                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
 548                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
 549                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
 550                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
 551                        )
 552                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
 553                        pattern = self._parse_string()
 554                    else:
 555                        break
 556
 557                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 558
 559                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
 560            else:
 561                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
 562
 563            return self._parse_at_before(table)
 564
 565        def _parse_id_var(
 566            self,
 567            any_token: bool = True,
 568            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
 569        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 570            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
 571                identifier = (
 572                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 573                    or self._parse_string()
 574                )
 575                self._match_r_paren()
 576                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
 577
 578            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 579
 580        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
 581            scope = None
 582            scope_kind = None
 583
 584            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
 585            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
 586            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
 587
 588            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
 589
 590            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
 591
 592            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
 593                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
 594                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
 595                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
 596                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
 597                    if self._curr:
 598                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 599                elif self._curr:
 600                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
 601                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 602
 603            return self.expression(
 604                exp.Show,
 605                **{
 606                    "terse": terse,
 607                    "this": this,
 608                    "history": history,
 609                    "like": like,
 610                    "scope": scope,
 611                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
 612                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
 613                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
 614                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
 615                },
 616            )
 617
 618        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
 619            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
 620            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
 621
 622        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
 623            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
 624            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
 625
 626        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 627            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
 628            return (
 629                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
 630                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
 631                else self._parse_table_parts()
 632            )
 633
 634        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
 635            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
 636
 637            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
 638            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
 639            # in case of subqueries
 640            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
 641                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
 642            ):
 643                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
 644
 645            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
 646
 647        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 648            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
 649
 650            if not this:
 651                return this
 652
 653            typ = self._parse_types()
 654
 655            if typ:
 656                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
 657
 658            return this
 659
 660    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 661        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
 662        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
 663        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
 664        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
 665
 666        KEYWORDS = {
 667            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 668            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
 669            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 670            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 671            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 672            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
 673            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
 674            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 675            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
 676            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 677            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 678            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
 679            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
 680            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
 681            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
 682            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
 683            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 684            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
 685            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
 686            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 687            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
 688            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
 689            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
 690        }
 691        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
 692
 693        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 694            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
 695            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
 696        }
 697
 698        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
 699
 700        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
 701
 702    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 703        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
 704        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
 705        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 706        JOIN_HINTS = False
 707        TABLE_HINTS = False
 708        QUERY_HINTS = False
 709        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
 710        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
 711        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
 712        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
 713        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
 714        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
 715        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
 716        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
 717        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 718        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
 719
 720        TRANSFORMS = {
 721            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 722            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
 723            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
 724            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
 725            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
 726            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
 727            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
 728            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 729                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
 730            ),
 731            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
 732            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
 733            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 734            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 735            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 736            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
 737            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
 738            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
 739            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
 740            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
 741            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 742                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
 743            ),
 744            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
 745                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
 746            ),
 747            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
 748            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
 749            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
 750            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
 751                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
 752            ),
 753            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
 754            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
 755            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
 756            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
 757            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 758            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
 759            exp.Min: min_or_least,
 760            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
 761                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
 762            ),
 763            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
 764            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
 765                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 766            ),
 767            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
 768                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 769            ),
 770            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
 771            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
 772            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
 773            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
 774                [
 775                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
 776                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
 777                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
 778                ]
 779            ),
 780            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
 781            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 782            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
 783            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
 784                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
 785            ),
 786            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
 787            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
 788            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
 789            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 790                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
 791            ),
 792            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
 793            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
 794            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
 795                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
 796            ),
 797            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
 798            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
 799            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
 800            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
 801            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
 802            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 803            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
 804                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
 805            ),
 806            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
 807            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 808            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
 809            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
 810        }
 811
 812        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
 813            exp.JSONPathKey,
 814            exp.JSONPathRoot,
 815            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
 816        }
 817
 818        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 819            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
 820            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
 821            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
 822        }
 823
 824        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 825            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
 826            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 827            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 828        }
 829
 830        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
 831            exp.Map,
 832            exp.StarMap,
 833            exp.Struct,
 834            exp.VarMap,
 835        }
 836
 837        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
 838            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
 839
 840        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
 841            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
 842                values_as_table = False
 843
 844            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
 845
 846        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
 847            expressions = expression.expressions
 848            if (
 849                expressions
 850                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
 851                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
 852            ):
 853                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
 854                return "OBJECT"
 855
 856            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
 857
 858        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
 859            return self.func(
 860                "TO_NUMBER",
 861                expression.this,
 862                expression.args.get("format"),
 863                expression.args.get("precision"),
 864                expression.args.get("scale"),
 865            )
 866
 867        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
 868            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
 869            if milli is not None:
 870                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
 871                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
 872
 873            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
 874
 875        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
 876            value = expression.this
 877
 878            if value.type is None:
 879                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
 880
 881                value = annotate_types(value)
 882
 883            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
 884                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
 885
 886            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
 887            return self.cast_sql(expression)
 888
 889        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
 890            if not expression.expression:
 891                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
 892
 893            return super().log_sql(expression)
 894
 895        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
 896            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 897            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
 898
 899            columns = [
 900                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
 901                exp.to_identifier("key"),
 902                exp.to_identifier("path"),
 903                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
 904                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
 905                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
 906                exp.to_identifier("this"),
 907            ]
 908
 909            if unnest_alias:
 910                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
 911            else:
 912                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
 913
 914            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
 915            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
 916            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
 917            return f"{explode}{alias}"
 918
 919        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
 920            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
 921            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
 922            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
 923            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
 924
 925            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
 926            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
 927
 928            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
 929            if scope_kind:
 930                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
 931
 932            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
 933            if starts_with:
 934                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
 935
 936            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
 937
 938            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
 939            if from_:
 940                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
 941
 942            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
 943
 944        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
 945            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
 946            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
 947            group = expression.args.get("group")
 948            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
 949            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
 950            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
 951
 952            return self.func(
 953                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
 954                expression.this,
 955                expression.expression,
 956                position,
 957                occurrence,
 958                parameters,
 959                group,
 960            )
 961
 962        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
 963            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
 964                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
 965            return super().except_op(expression)
 966
 967        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
 968            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
 969                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
 970            return super().intersect_op(expression)
 971
 972        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
 973            # Default to table if kind is unknown
 974            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
 975            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
 976            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
 977            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
 978            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
 979            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
 980
 981        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
 982            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
 983        ) -> str:
 984            start = expression.args.get("start")
 985            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
 986            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
 987            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
 988            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
 989
 990        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
 991            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
 992            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
 993
 994        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
 995            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
 996
 997        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
 998            keys = []
 999            values = []
1000
1001            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1002                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1003                    keys.append(
1004                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1005                    )
1006                    values.append(e.expression)
1007                else:
1008                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1009                    values.append(e)
1010
1011            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
1012
1013        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1014            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
1015                self.unsupported(
1016                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
1017                )
1018
1019            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
1020
1021        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
1022            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1023            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
1024            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
1025            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
1026            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
1027            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
1028            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
1029            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
1030
1031            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

will be rewritten as

WITH y(c) AS (
    SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
) SELECT c FROM y;
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False

Whether COPY statement parameters are separated by comma or whitespace

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E:
230    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
231        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
232        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
233        if (
234            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
235            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
236            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
237        ):
238            return expression  # type: ignore
239
240        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

Arguments:
  • expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an Identifier, this method is a no-op.
  • identify: If set to False, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None
class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
242    class Parser(parser.Parser):
243        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
244        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
245        COLON_IS_JSON_EXTRACT = True
246
247        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
248            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
249            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
250        }
251
252        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
253        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
254
255        FUNCTIONS = {
256            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
257            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
258            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
259            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
260            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
261                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
262            ),
263            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
264                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
265                start=seq_get(args, 0),
266                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
267                step=seq_get(args, 2),
268            ),
269            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
270            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
271            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
272            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
273            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
274            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
275            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
276            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
277            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
278            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
279            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
280                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
281            ),
282            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
283            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
284                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
285            ),
286            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
287            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
288            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
289            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
290                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
291            ),
292            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
293            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
294            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
295            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
296            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
297            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
298            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
299            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
300            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
301            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
302            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
303            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
304            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
305            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
306            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
307            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
308                this=seq_get(args, 0),
309                format=seq_get(args, 1),
310                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
311                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
312            ),
313            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
314            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
315            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
316            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
317            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
318            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
319            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
320        }
321
322        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
323            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
324            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
325            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
326        }
327        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
328
329        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
330
331        RANGE_PARSERS = {
332            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
333            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
334            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
335        }
336
337        ALTER_PARSERS = {
338            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
339            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
340                exp.Set,
341                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
342                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
343                unset=True,
344            ),
345            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
346        }
347
348        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
349            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
350            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
351        }
352
353        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
354            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
355            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
356        }
357
358        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
359            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
360            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
361        }
362
363        SHOW_PARSERS = {
364            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
365            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
366            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
367            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
368            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
369            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
370            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
371            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
372            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
373            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
374            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
375            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
376            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
377            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
378            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
379            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
380            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
381            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
382            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
383        }
384
385        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
386            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
387            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
388            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
389            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
390            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
391        }
392
393        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
394            TokenType.DOT,
395            TokenType.MOD,
396            TokenType.SLASH,
397        }
398
399        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
400
401        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
402
403        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
404
405        LAMBDAS = {
406            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
407            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
408                exp.Lambda,
409                this=self._replace_lambda(
410                    self._parse_assignment(),
411                    expressions,
412                ),
413                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
414            ),
415        }
416
417        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
418            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
419                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
420
421            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
422                policy = self._parse_column()
423                return self.expression(
424                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
425                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
426                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
427                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
428                )
429            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
430                policy = self._parse_column()
431                return self.expression(
432                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
433                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
434                )
435            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
436                return self.expression(
437                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
438                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
439                )
440
441            return None
442
443        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
444            expression = super()._parse_create()
445            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
446                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
447                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
448
449            return expression
450
451        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
452        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
453        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
454            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
455
456            if not this:
457                return None
458
459            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
460            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
461            this = map_date_part(this)
462            name = this.name.upper()
463
464            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
465                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
466                    scale = 10**3
467                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
468                    scale = 10**6
469                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
470                    scale = 10**9
471                else:
472                    scale = None
473
474                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
475                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
476
477                if scale:
478                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
479
480                return to_unix
481
482            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
483
484        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
485            if is_map:
486                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
487                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
488                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
489                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
490
491            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
492
493        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
494            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
495            if not lateral:
496                return lateral
497
498            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
499                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
500                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
501                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
502                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
503                elif not table_alias:
504                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
505
506            return lateral
507
508        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
509            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
510            index = self._index
511            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
512                this = self._prev.text.upper()
513                kind = (
514                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
515                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
516                    and self._prev.text.upper()
517                )
518                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
519
520                if expression:
521                    self._match_r_paren()
522                    when = self.expression(
523                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
524                    )
525                    table.set("when", when)
526                else:
527                    self._retreat(index)
528
529            return table
530
531        def _parse_table_parts(
532            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
533        ) -> exp.Table:
534            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
535            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
536                table = self._parse_string()
537            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
538                table = self._parse_location_path()
539            else:
540                table = None
541
542            if table:
543                file_format = None
544                pattern = None
545
546                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
547                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
548                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
549                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
550                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
551                        )
552                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
553                        pattern = self._parse_string()
554                    else:
555                        break
556
557                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
558
559                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
560            else:
561                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
562
563            return self._parse_at_before(table)
564
565        def _parse_id_var(
566            self,
567            any_token: bool = True,
568            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
569        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
570            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
571                identifier = (
572                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
573                    or self._parse_string()
574                )
575                self._match_r_paren()
576                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
577
578            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
579
580        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
581            scope = None
582            scope_kind = None
583
584            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
585            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
586            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
587
588            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
589
590            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
591
592            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
593                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
594                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
595                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
596                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
597                    if self._curr:
598                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
599                elif self._curr:
600                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
601                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
602
603            return self.expression(
604                exp.Show,
605                **{
606                    "terse": terse,
607                    "this": this,
608                    "history": history,
609                    "like": like,
610                    "scope": scope,
611                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
612                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
613                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
614                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
615                },
616            )
617
618        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
619            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
620            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
621
622        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
623            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
624            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
625
626        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
627            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
628            return (
629                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
630                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
631                else self._parse_table_parts()
632            )
633
634        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
635            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
636
637            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
638            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
639            # in case of subqueries
640            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
641                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
642            ):
643                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
644
645            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
646
647        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
648            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
649
650            if not this:
651                return this
652
653            typ = self._parse_types()
654
655            if typ:
656                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
657
658            return this

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = 'BERNOULLI'
COLON_IS_JSON_EXTRACT = True
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function _build_convert_timezone>, 'DATEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'DIV0': <function _build_if_from_div0>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'MEDIAN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _build_if_from_nullifzero>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _build_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_PARSE_JSON': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _build_if_from_zeroifnull>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_CONVERTERS = {<Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: <function build_default_decimal_type.<locals>._builder>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MASKING': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PROJECTION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TAG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SCHEMA_KINDS = {'OBJECTS', 'IMPORTED KEYS', 'UNIQUE KEYS', 'SEQUENCES', 'TABLES', 'VIEWS'}
NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {'WAREHOUSE', 'STREAMLIT', 'TAG', 'STORAGE INTEGRATION'}
LAMBDAS = {<TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
INTERVAL_VARS
ALIAS_TOKENS
ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
ASSIGNMENT
DISJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
JOIN_HINTS
COLUMN_OPERATORS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
STRING_PARSERS
NUMERIC_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
CONFLICT_ACTIONS
CREATE_SEQUENCE
ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
USABLES
CAST_ACTIONS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
NULL_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
SELECT_START_TOKENS
COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
STRICT_CAST
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
STRING_ALIASES
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
INTERVAL_SPANS
SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
errors
sql
class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
660    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
661        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
662        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
663        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
664        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
665
666        KEYWORDS = {
667            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
668            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
669            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
670            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
671            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
672            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
673            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
674            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
675            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
676            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
677            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
678            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
679            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
680            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
681            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
682            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
683            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
684            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
685            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
686            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
687            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
688            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
689            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
690        }
691        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
692
693        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
694            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
695            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
696        }
697
698        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
699
700        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_CONDITION': <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, 'TAG': <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'WAREHOUSE': <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, 'STREAMLIT': <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>}
class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
 702    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 703        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
 704        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
 705        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 706        JOIN_HINTS = False
 707        TABLE_HINTS = False
 708        QUERY_HINTS = False
 709        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
 710        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
 711        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
 712        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
 713        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
 714        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
 715        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
 716        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
 717        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 718        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
 719
 720        TRANSFORMS = {
 721            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 722            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
 723            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
 724            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
 725            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
 726            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
 727            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
 728            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 729                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
 730            ),
 731            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
 732            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
 733            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 734            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 735            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 736            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
 737            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
 738            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
 739            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
 740            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
 741            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 742                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
 743            ),
 744            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
 745                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
 746            ),
 747            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
 748            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
 749            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
 750            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
 751                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
 752            ),
 753            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
 754            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
 755            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
 756            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
 757            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 758            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
 759            exp.Min: min_or_least,
 760            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
 761                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
 762            ),
 763            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
 764            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
 765                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 766            ),
 767            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
 768                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 769            ),
 770            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
 771            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
 772            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
 773            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
 774                [
 775                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
 776                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
 777                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
 778                ]
 779            ),
 780            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
 781            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 782            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
 783            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
 784                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
 785            ),
 786            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
 787            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
 788            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
 789            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 790                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
 791            ),
 792            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
 793            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
 794            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
 795                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
 796            ),
 797            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
 798            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
 799            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
 800            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
 801            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
 802            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 803            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
 804                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
 805            ),
 806            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
 807            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 808            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
 809            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
 810        }
 811
 812        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
 813            exp.JSONPathKey,
 814            exp.JSONPathRoot,
 815            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
 816        }
 817
 818        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 819            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
 820            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
 821            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
 822        }
 823
 824        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 825            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
 826            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 827            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 828        }
 829
 830        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
 831            exp.Map,
 832            exp.StarMap,
 833            exp.Struct,
 834            exp.VarMap,
 835        }
 836
 837        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
 838            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
 839
 840        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
 841            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
 842                values_as_table = False
 843
 844            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
 845
 846        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
 847            expressions = expression.expressions
 848            if (
 849                expressions
 850                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
 851                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
 852            ):
 853                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
 854                return "OBJECT"
 855
 856            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
 857
 858        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
 859            return self.func(
 860                "TO_NUMBER",
 861                expression.this,
 862                expression.args.get("format"),
 863                expression.args.get("precision"),
 864                expression.args.get("scale"),
 865            )
 866
 867        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
 868            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
 869            if milli is not None:
 870                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
 871                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
 872
 873            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
 874
 875        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
 876            value = expression.this
 877
 878            if value.type is None:
 879                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
 880
 881                value = annotate_types(value)
 882
 883            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
 884                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
 885
 886            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
 887            return self.cast_sql(expression)
 888
 889        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
 890            if not expression.expression:
 891                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
 892
 893            return super().log_sql(expression)
 894
 895        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
 896            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 897            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
 898
 899            columns = [
 900                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
 901                exp.to_identifier("key"),
 902                exp.to_identifier("path"),
 903                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
 904                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
 905                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
 906                exp.to_identifier("this"),
 907            ]
 908
 909            if unnest_alias:
 910                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
 911            else:
 912                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
 913
 914            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
 915            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
 916            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
 917            return f"{explode}{alias}"
 918
 919        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
 920            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
 921            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
 922            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
 923            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
 924
 925            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
 926            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
 927
 928            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
 929            if scope_kind:
 930                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
 931
 932            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
 933            if starts_with:
 934                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
 935
 936            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
 937
 938            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
 939            if from_:
 940                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
 941
 942            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
 943
 944        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
 945            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
 946            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
 947            group = expression.args.get("group")
 948            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
 949            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
 950            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
 951
 952            return self.func(
 953                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
 954                expression.this,
 955                expression.expression,
 956                position,
 957                occurrence,
 958                parameters,
 959                group,
 960            )
 961
 962        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
 963            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
 964                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
 965            return super().except_op(expression)
 966
 967        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
 968            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
 969                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
 970            return super().intersect_op(expression)
 971
 972        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
 973            # Default to table if kind is unknown
 974            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
 975            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
 976            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
 977            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
 978            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
 979            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
 980
 981        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
 982            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
 983        ) -> str:
 984            start = expression.args.get("start")
 985            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
 986            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
 987            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
 988            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
 989
 990        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
 991            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
 992            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
 993
 994        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
 995            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
 996
 997        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
 998            keys = []
 999            values = []
1000
1001            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1002                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1003                    keys.append(
1004                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1005                    )
1006                    values.append(e.expression)
1007                else:
1008                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1009                    values.append(e)
1010
1011            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
1012
1013        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1014            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
1015                self.unsupported(
1016                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
1017                )
1018
1019            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
1020
1021        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
1022            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1023            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
1024            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
1025            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
1026            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
1027            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
1028            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
1029            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
1030
1031            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
  • indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
STAR_EXCEPT = 'EXCLUDE'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>: 'OBJECT', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'OBJECT'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>}
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str:
837        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
838            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
def values_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
840        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
841            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
842                values_as_table = False
843
844            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str:
846        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
847            expressions = expression.expressions
848            if (
849                expressions
850                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
851                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
852            ):
853                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
854                return "OBJECT"
855
856            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
def tonumber_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber) -> str:
858        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
859            return self.func(
860                "TO_NUMBER",
861                expression.this,
862                expression.args.get("format"),
863                expression.args.get("precision"),
864                expression.args.get("scale"),
865            )
def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
867        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
868            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
869            if milli is not None:
870                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
871                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
872
873            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str:
875        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
876            value = expression.this
877
878            if value.type is None:
879                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
880
881                value = annotate_types(value)
882
883            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
884                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
885
886            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
887            return self.cast_sql(expression)
def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str:
889        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
890            if not expression.expression:
891                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
892
893            return super().log_sql(expression)
def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str:
895        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
896            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
897            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
898
899            columns = [
900                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
901                exp.to_identifier("key"),
902                exp.to_identifier("path"),
903                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
904                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
905                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
906                exp.to_identifier("this"),
907            ]
908
909            if unnest_alias:
910                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
911            else:
912                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
913
914            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
915            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
916            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
917            return f"{explode}{alias}"
def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str:
919        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
920            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
921            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
922            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
923            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
924
925            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
926            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
927
928            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
929            if scope_kind:
930                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
931
932            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
933            if starts_with:
934                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
935
936            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
937
938            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
939            if from_:
940                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
941
942            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str:
944        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
945            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
946            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
947            group = expression.args.get("group")
948            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
949            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
950            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
951
952            return self.func(
953                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
954                expression.this,
955                expression.expression,
956                position,
957                occurrence,
958                parameters,
959                group,
960            )
def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str:
962        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
963            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
964                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
965            return super().except_op(expression)
def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str:
967        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
968            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
969                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
970            return super().intersect_op(expression)
def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str:
972        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
973            # Default to table if kind is unknown
974            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
975            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
976            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
977            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
978            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
979            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str:
981        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
982            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
983        ) -> str:
984            start = expression.args.get("start")
985            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
986            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
987            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
988            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
def swaptable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable) -> str:
990        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
991            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
992            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str:
994        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
995            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str:
 997        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
 998            keys = []
 999            values = []
1000
1001            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1002                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1003                    keys.append(
1004                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1005                    )
1006                    values.append(e.expression)
1007                else:
1008                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1009                    values.append(e)
1010
1011            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1013        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1014            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
1015                self.unsupported(
1016                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
1017                )
1018
1019            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
def alterset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AlterSet) -> str:
1021        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
1022            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1023            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
1024            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
1025            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
1026            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
1027            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
1028            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
1029            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
1030
1031            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
EXPLICIT_SET_OP
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
LIMIT_FETCH
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
NVL2_SUPPORTED
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
ENSURE_BOOLS
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
HEX_FUNC
WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
QUOTE_JSON_PATH
PARSE_JSON_NAME
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
RESERVED_KEYWORDS
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